Study
on the reading skills of EFL university students is a research administered by
Flora Debora Floris and Marsha Divina from Petra Christian University, Indonesia.
This study investigates kinds of reading skills that EFL students have
difficulty with, and the most difficult type of reading skill for the EFL
students. To answer those questions, the researcher did the research in some
steps. The first is analyzing kinds of reading skills which were taught in
previous Reading classes. There are 17 which were already taught:
·
Scanning
·
Skimming
·
Improving
reading speed
·
Structural
clues: morphology (word part)
·
Structural
clues: morphology (compound word)
·
Inference
from context
·
Using
a dictionary
·
Interpreting
pro-forms
·
Interpreting
elliptical expression
·
Interpreting
lexical cohesion
·
Recognizing
presupposition underlying text
·
Recognizing
implication and making inference prediction
·
Distinguishing
between fact and opinion
·
Paraphrasing
·
Summarizing
The second step was develop two
reading test. Each reading test adopted from two texts which consists of 34
items as the representatives of 17 reading skills. More than one reading test
could give more information about the students’ abilities. The third step was
piloting the two reading test to three students who had passed all reading
test, and they were chosen randomly. It aimed to see if the test has clear and
good instruction and item. The next step was distributing the two tests to ten students
in different time. And the final step was to check and count the result of both
reading tests.
The first step in data analysis was
to analyze the result of each reading tests and put it in two different tables.
The next step was to list seventeen kinds of reading skills which were tested
in the reading tests. Then the percentage of incorrect answer was calculated. The
higher percentage meant the more difficult reading skill.
From the findings, we know that the
most difficult skill for these students was recognizing
text organization (72,5%). It might
because many Indonesian students were not trained to activate recognizing text organization
after reading a passage. The second was paraphrasing
(65%) because they had not fully understood the ideas of the original passage
or sentence. It may also because they were unable to restate the idea in their
own word although they understood the idea. And it related to the vocabulary skill which became the third
most difficult (57.5%). Inference from
context was also the important skill that was needed by respondents. It was
found that the percentage was 57.5%.
Besides that, we could also notice
which skill that considered to be easy for the respondents. The first was scanning (7.5%). It could be assumed
that they had already trained to use this skill. The other reading skill which
had low difficulty level were improving
reading speed (10%) and recognizing
presupposition underlying text (10%). It indicated that they were good reader.
And the conclusion, although it was a small scale research, it showed that each
reading skill had different difficulty level for the respondents. Further research
could be conducted in the larger scale.
This
research is useful for teachers, especially in designing reading teaching and
test. From this research teacher know what they should and shouldn’t do. They know
the difficulty commonly experienced by students, so that they may find a way to
overcome that problem by improving the reading skills that considered being
difficult for the students. Teachers may also change the lesson plan so that
later, the students will not encounter such difficulty in certain reading
skill. Teachers can also design a lesson by considering the reading skill that
needs to be improved more, not only concentrate in some certain skill. For example,
from the research we know that the students have difficulty with recognizing text organization, but they
have no difficulty in scanning. From
that, teacher can know that they should train recognizing text organization skill more, than just concentrate in
scanning that have been mastered well by the students. But it doesn’t mean that
teachers should force students to master all of the skills in a short time or
just in one level. teachers may design lesson plan contained plan about which
skill have to be mastered first, and what level need to master this skill. How is
the method? What are the activities? How are the reading test that may elicit
answer to show their mastery in particular reading skill? So it may begin from
the easiest skill for the lowest level, and the more difficult skill will be
trained in the higher level.